Methiocarb Overview Including Synthesis and Safety

Methiocarb is a carbamate insecticide that has been widely used to control insect pests in various crops.

It was first synthesized in the 1960s through a reaction between methyl isocyanate and ethanolamine.

Methiocarb is highly toxic to insects, with an LD50 of 2-3 mg/kg in rats. This makes it an effective pesticide, but also raises concerns about its safety for humans and the environment.

Its use is strictly regulated in many countries due to its potential risks to human health and the environment.

Methiocarb has a Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number of 2032-65-7.

Its molecular formula is C11H15NO2S, and its molecular weight is 225.3.

Methiocarb is soluble in various solvents, including DMF, DMSO, ethanol, and PBS (pH 7.2), with solubility ranging from 0.5 mg/ml to 20 mg/ml.

To increase solubility, you can heat the tube to 37°C and then oscillate it in an ultrasonic bath for some time.

Here's a list of solubility values for Methiocarb in different solvents:

(3,5-Diisopropylphenyl) N-methylcarbamate is a fascinating compound with unique solubility characteristics.

Its solubility is influenced by various factors, including the presence of the isopropyl groups and the carbamate functional group. The compound features both polar (N-methylcarbamate) and non-polar (isopropyl groups) elements, contributing to its moderate solubility in solvents.

It tends to be soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, and chloroform, while having limited solubility in water due to its hydrophobic isopropyl substituents. In fact, the solubility of (3,5-diisopropylphenyl) N-methylcarbamate is not highly soluble in all solvents.

Like many organic compounds, its solubility can increase with temperature, indicating a temperature-dependent solubility profile. This means that the compound's solubility may change depending on the temperature at which it is stored or used.

Here's a summary of the solubility characteristics of (3,5-diisopropylphenyl) N-methylcarbamate:

This unique solubility profile can be useful in various fields such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, where specific solvents and temperatures may be required to achieve optimal results.

Methiocarb can be absorbed through different routes, including skin contact or inhalation as an aerosol. This is because of its use as a pesticide in agriculture.

The most common route of absorption for humans is through the skin or as an aerosol. For insects and birds, absorption occurs through the oral route.

The NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) for oral absorption in rats is 3.3 mg/kg per day, based on a 2-year study. For absorption through the skin in rabbits, the NOAEL is 150 mg/kg per day, based on the reduction of food consumption.

In rats, feeding methiocarb at a dose of 50 ppm resulted in a reduction of brain cholinesterase by 14% in males and 5% in females.

Methiocarb is synthesized through a chemical reaction involving 4-methylthio-3,5-xylenol and methyl isocyanate.

The xylenol acts as the nucleophile, attacking the partially positively charged carbon in the isocyanate.

Bayer is the company responsible for synthesizing methiocarb using this method.

This reaction requires the xylenol to attack the isocyanate, resulting in the formation of methiocarb.

The specific chemicals involved in the synthesis are 4-methylthio-3,5-xylenol and methyl isocyanate, which are combined to produce methiocarb.

Methiocarb has been tested for its toxicity in various animal studies. The results show that it has a relatively low acute toxicity, with a dermal LD50 of >2000 mg/kg bodyweight in rabbits and >200 mg/kg bodyweight in rats.

The oral LD50 of methiocarb is also relatively low, with values of 10 mg/kg bodyweight in dogs, 40 mg/kg bodyweight in guinea pigs, 25 mg/kg bodyweight in mice, and 30 mg/kg bodyweight in rats.

In terms of short-term toxicity, methiocarb has been shown to cause a reduction in cholinesterase activity in rats, with a dose of 2 mg/kg bw in the first three days and 4 mg/kg bw for the next 24 days causing a 50% decrease in activity after 27 days. In rabbits, a dose of 375 mg/kg bw per day for 6 hours a day caused reduced food consumption and a decrease in cholinesterase activity in males at 14 and 21 days of treatment.

Here's a summary of the oral LD50 values for different species:

Toxicity can be a complex and multifaceted topic, but let's break it down into some key points.

The dermal LD50 of methiocarb varies between species, with rabbits showing a much higher tolerance than rats. Dermal LD50 in rabbits is >2000 mg/kg bodyweight, while in rats it's >200 mg/kg bodyweight.

Acute toxicity can also be measured through inhalation and intraperitoneal exposure. In one-hour inhalation tests, the LC50 in rats was 1200 mg/m. In intraperitoneal LD50 tests, the dose was as low as 6 mg/kg bodyweight in mice.

Oral LD50 varies between species as well, with dogs showing a relatively low tolerance at 10 mg/kg bodyweight, while guinea pigs can tolerate up to 40 mg/kg bodyweight.

Here's a summary of the oral LD50 values for different species:

In terms of short-term toxicity, cholinesterase activity was reduced in rats after 27 days of exposure to 2 mg/kg bw in the first three days and 4 mg/kg bw for the next 24 days.

Methiocarb, a widely used insecticide, has a relatively short half-life in soil, with some metabolites breaking down in as little as 1.5 days.

The major metabolites in plants are methiocarb sulfoxide and methiocarb sulfoxide phenol.

After 217 days, no methiocarb or its metabolites are present in the soil, as most of it gets metabolized to CO2.

Methiocarb is mainly metabolized to methiocarb phenol, with smaller amounts converted to methiocarb sulfoxide and methiocarb sulfoxide phenol.

In water, methiocarb is not detectable after just 32 days.

The half-life of methiocarb in water is pH-dependent, but at a neutral pH of 7, it's about 28 days.

Methiocarb is a highly regulated pesticide, and its use is subject to strict guidelines in many countries.

In the European Union, methiocarb is classified as a toxic substance and is banned for use on certain crops, including fruits and vegetables.

Regulatory agencies, such as the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), have set limits on the maximum residue levels (MRLs) of methiocarb allowed on food crops.

These MRLs are regularly reviewed and updated to ensure public safety.

Methiocarb is a carbamate insecticide that has been used for decades. It's a broad-spectrum pesticide, meaning it can kill a wide range of insects.

Methiocarb is commonly used to control aphids, whiteflies, and other pests that can damage crops. It's also used to control termites and other insects that can damage buildings.

Methiocarb works by disrupting the insect's nervous system, ultimately leading to their death.

The In Vivo Formulation Calculator is a useful tool for determining the correct formulation for your research.

First, you'll need to enter the in vivo formulation, which can be found in the solubility section of the calculator.

Please contact the provider first if you don't have an in vivo formulation.

To prepare the DMSO master liquid, you'll need to pre-dissolve the drug in a specific amount of DMSO, resulting in a certain concentration in mg/mL.

You'll need to check the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug before proceeding.

The method for preparing the in vivo formulation involves adding specific amounts of PEG300, Tween 80, and ddH2O to the DMSO master liquid.

It's essential to add the solvents in order and ensure the solution is clear before proceeding to the next step.

Physical methods like vortex, ultrasound, or a hot water bath can aid in dissolving the solvents.

All the co-solvents mentioned, including DMSO, PEG300, Tween 80, and ddH2O, are available for purchase on the GlpBio website.

The efficacy of a treatment or solution is a crucial aspect to consider. Studies have shown that a well-designed system can achieve an efficiency rate of up to 85%.

A key factor in determining efficacy is the quality of the components used. High-quality components can last up to 5 times longer than their lower-quality counterparts.

The impact of maintenance on efficacy cannot be overstated. Regular maintenance can extend the lifespan of a system by up to 30%.

The right combination of design and materials can make all the difference in achieving optimal efficacy. A study found that a system designed with a specific material achieved a 25% increase in efficacy.

Efficacy is not just about the system itself, but also about how it is used. Proper training and education can increase user adoption by up to 40%.

The environment in which a system is used can also affect its efficacy. A study found that a system used in a controlled environment achieved a 20% increase in efficacy compared to one used in a harsh environment.

Methiocarb quality is ensured through rigorous testing, with a purity level of >98.00%.

The Certificate Of Analysis (COA) and Safety Data Sheet (SDS) are available for review, providing detailed information on the product's composition and handling requirements.

GLPBIO products, including Methiocarb, are for research use only, so be sure to keep your questions and reviews research-based.

Here are some key specifications for Methiocarb:

Our products are rigorously tested to ensure the highest quality standards. We guarantee a purity of >98.00% for all our products.

A Certificate of Analysis (COA) is available for each product, providing detailed information about its composition and quality. This document is a crucial reference for researchers.

For those who need to know more about handling and safety precautions, a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) is also available. This document provides critical information about the product's potential hazards and how to handle them safely.

Here's a summary of the documents you can expect to find:

These documents are essential for ensuring the safe and effective use of our products in research settings.

The 95% 50% Wp concentration of Methiocarb is a key factor in its quality and handling.

Methiocarb 95% is a high concentration of the active ingredient, which is essential for effective pest control.

The molecular weight of Methiocarb 95% is 419.91 g/mol, a crucial piece of information for those handling the substance.

It's available in various packaging options, including 200L/Drum for liquids and 1kg/Alu bag for powders, making it easy to store and transport.

The powder form is also available in smaller packaging options, such as 500g/Alu bag, 200g/Alu bag, 100g/Alu bag, 50g/Alu bag, and 15g/Alu bag, for more precise dosing.

It's essential to note that the 95% concentration is used on a wide range of pests, including moths, flies, beetles, and other insects.